Yoursituational interview answer should include the following: the ability to actively listen. ask questions to clarify. rephrase the information back to the sender to ensure accuracy and successful completion of the task. 2. Give me an example of a complex process or task you had to explain to another person or group of people.
2of 2. Well-crafted, open-ended questions can yield fruitful results when you interview family for purposes of family history. The following is a list of questions compiled on the Lucier Family webpage you may want to consider. Take time to tailor the questions to the person you are interviewing. When you are ready to conduct an interview
IELTS writing agree or disagree is the essay type that requires the view on the given question. News stories on TV and in newspapers is an IELTS writing task 2 topic that comes in the category of agree or disagree essays. You will find sample answers for the IELTS writing task 2 agree or disagree essay in this article which will help you to understand more about such essay types. News stories on TV and in newspapers are very often accompanied by pictures. Some people say that these pictures are more effective than words. What is your opinion about this? Give reasons for your answer and give any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. You should write at least 250 words. News stories on TV and in newspapers- Band 8 IELTS model essay Visual communication is an assertion of strategically converting words into images and conveying information. It is agreed that photographs are more useful and valuable than words. I will discuss the same in the following paragraphs. Firstly, visual graphics create an impact on people's minds rather than reading words continuously. Pictorial representation may even eliminate boredom and create some excitement to learn and know new stuff. Moreover, the probability of publishing fake news is reduced, as it is very difficult to fake a story if it is published in the form of a photograph. Also, the printing of high-definition and multi-color pictures may attract a lot of new viewers, and therefore, there is a significant rise in business. Furthermore, sometimes it is very difficult to bring out certain issues in the form of words. As a result, pictures are the only solution left to spread the news. For example, if there are any community or political problems news companies are not allowed to write particularly accurate information in any article. But pictorial depiction acts as a charm in such situations. At last, it is very convenient for people who are running late. They can just catch a glimpse and get to know the bearings happening out in the world. In conclusion, it can be said that there are numerous benefits of representing news along with pictures. They attract more audience and therefore news and Stories are more effectively transferred to the targeted audience. Also, the sales of newspapers and television are increased. 251 words Check IELTS Writing to enhance your writing skills News stories on TV and in newspapers- Band IELTS model essay Visual journalism enables viewers to understand the complexes, sophisticated topics in a little time period, and other remembering key takeaways. Many people argue that images are more effective than word content. I strongly believe in this fact and further paragraphs will discuss my perceptions. To begin with, illustrations, maps, charts, and other digital content makes it easy and faster for the audience to understand the scenario and hence improving the chances of remembering different aspects. For instance, if a particular data is presented in form of graphs or pie charts, it will be easy to get hold of data, allowing individuals to track much larger data trends in no time. Moreover, the news hence depicted will be more accurate and therefore no pseudo information can be published. Furthermore, there is no need for a deep explanation for any news as the images make it pretty much clear, what they want to convey. Also, there is no promotion of confusion or any perplexion. Additionally, pictures also attract children because of the color therapy. This helps to develop a feeling of responsibility and understatement in children from a very young age. Similarly, different age groups are attracted to different kinds of stories benefiting their personal self. In conclusion, words would narrate stories in organized ways but the addition of images would create a significant impact. Also, the pictures act more advertised to make people updated and attracted towards the stories happening all around the world as there is balanced information represented in pictorial form rather than those valuable words. 257 words Read IELTS writing task 2 sample to understand how to write the writing task questions effectively. News stories on TV and in newspapers - Band 7 IELTS model essay Graphical communication is the most powerful tool that provides facts and news. It is believed that it is more effective to use pictures, than dictation or words. I agree with this opinion and further paragraphs will discuss the same. To start with, photographs catch the attraction of people and make them more interesting. For instance, it is written in a newspaper that a picturesque view of the Northern lights was observed near the Arctic circle. Reading the highlights, individuals will not pay attention to the news. However, as soon as they will see the picture of northern light, it will strike their eyes and create an immense impact. As a result tourism in a particular place may increase significantly. All of these happen because of the pictures displayed along with the news. In contrast, it can also cause some negative effects. Sometimes, citizens are not able to see news from their perspective. They are forced to view things from the eyes of editors of news-producing companies which can mislead or deviate the viewers. The political and business pages are hence traded by the companies in order to find more paper money. Even some new companies' owners get corrupted in order to make more money and hence, play around with the quality of news. Moreover, visual proof of the incident is not always trustworthy and is not always proven. To conclude pictures supporting news engages the audiences very well. However, the real situations of the incidents in pictures are not always accurate and might also deceive or confuse the viewers. 259 words Check all IELTS writing task 2 topics to develop your understanding of IELTS writing skills News stories on TV and in newspapers- Band IELTS model essay Photography is an imperative part of Journalism as it is believed that pictures speak harder than words. Many of the articles add pictures to strike the interest of audiences and attract more people. Therefore, it is argued that images are more powerful than text content. The further paragraphs will discuss my views on the same topic. There are mainly two reasons why pictures coexist with news stories. Firstly, it reduces the language barrier. There are many diverse languages in our nation and it is not possible for each and every individual to understand all the languages therefore pictures play an important role in making the citizens understand different news from different states, countries, or continents. Secondly, images reduce time. People can just go through the pictures and be wise to recognize the whole scenario, hence, reducing the time and using it for other productive things However, looking at pictures, Individuals have to stick with the limited information available within the images. Furthermore, newspapers allow us to get familiar with a wide range of useful words which can be used in personal as well as professional life. Increased knowledge of vocabulary helps an individual create a career in a certain field. Also, sometimes the smallest yet the most important stories are left out because of no picture visual implemented by the story writers. In conclusion, there are various aspects where using pictures, to share news and information, is more convenient. But the small interests and some other factors are compromised because of visual communication. 253 words Model answer for the topic News stories on TV and in newspaper pdf is given here. More writing task 2 essay topics Food can be produced much more cheaply In many places prisons are overcrowded Today the high sales of popular consumer All parents want the best opportunities for their children Due to the development and rapid expansion of supermarkets
Ifyou've never written an essay, Task 2 of the IELTS Writing Test may feel daunting: 250 words in only 40 minutes! The good news is that (just like the Speaking Test) you don't need to write something interesting or truthful. If you don't have an opinion about how to educate children, just invent one.
Some people focus on news in their country, while others think it is more important to be aware of international news. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Sample Answer People hold widely differing views on whether following domestic news or world news is more important. Although it is true that concentrating on news from all over the world is beneficial to some extent, I would argue that keeping abreast of national news is a wiser choice. On the one hand, it is undeniable that being aware of international news has certain benefits. To begin with, following international news can keep people up-to-date with information about global environmental issues. For example, this type of news often provides people with up-to-the-minute reports about the harmful effects of climate change. Therefore, they would realize the urgency of the current environmental situation, thereby taking actions to improve it. Furthermore, if people prefer world news, they can be well-informed about global pandemics. As a result, preventive measures could be promptly taken to prevent deadly diseases from spreading further. On the other hand, I believe that national news is of greater importance for a number of reasons. The first one is that since this kind of news can keep people informed about any changes in the job market in their country, they would be able to make timely corresponding adjustments to their skills and knowledge. Thus, it would be easier for them to find a suitable and promising career path, which could lead to a happier life in general. Additionally, focusing on domestic news would help people to be more aware of events relating to national politics that may have a direct impact on their lives. To illustrate, when people have sufficient information about presidential candidates in the upcoming election, they would know who they should cast their vote for, which is an important decision as the future of their country depends on it. In conclusion, while I acknowledge the importance of keeping up with what is happening around the world, I am still of the opinion that domestic news should be paid more attention to.
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IELTSAcademic Writing Task 1. In IELTS academic writing task 1, you are presented with a graph, table, chart or diagram and asked to describe, summarise or explain the information in your own words. IELTS Writing Task 2. In IELTS writing task 2, you will need to write a traditional style essay in response to a question.
Newspapers - The 20 Questions STUDENT A's QUESTIONS Do not show these to student B What did you think when you read the headline? What images are in your mind when you hear the word 'newspaper'? What is your favourite newspaper, and why? What do you think of the Daily Star's actions? Why might a newspaper be called the Daily Star? What are your newspaper-reading habits? What was the last story you read in a newspaper? What sections of the newspaper do you like best? What newspapers do you dislike? What do you think of fake news? STUDENT B's QUESTIONS Do not show these to student A Did you like reading this article? Why/not? What do you think of when you hear the word 'protest'? What do you think about what you read? Are newspapers better than Internet news? Do you think the Daily Star rang alarm bells? What challenges is your country facing? What crises have there been in your country? Do you believe everything you read in the newspapers? What do you see as the future of newspapers? What questions would you like to ask the Daily Star's editor?
WritingTask 1: illustrates five different industries' percentage share of Brazil's economy. IELTS Practice Online. The bar chart below illustrates five different industries' percentage share of Brazil's economy in 2009 and 2019 with a forecast for 2029. Summarise the information
News Media IELTS Writing Task 2 requires the candidates to provide a tentative and argumentative answer to the question. This article consists of three sample answers provided below. The sample answers comprise two parts Introduction and body. The introduction is a brief description of the topic. The body contains argumentative statements and tentative answers to support the test-taker's perspective. IELTS writing task 2 evaluates candidates based on the knowledge and views they have expressed. The areas that candidates are assessed on are grammar, vocabulary, and style. IELTS writing score is marked based on band scores. The band scores range from 0 to 9. Since the topics are very diverse, candidates must go through IELTS Writing practice papers to become familiar with a lot of topics. Check Get 10 Free IELTS Sample Papers Check Register for IELTS Coaching - Join for Free Trial Class Now TopicSome people think that there is a great influence of news media on people’s lives and this is a negative development. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give your opinion and relevant examples. OR Some people think that the news media nowadays have influenced people’s lives in negative ways. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Band IELTS Essay Some people feel that today's newspapers and television stations that report current events have a negative impact on society. I absolutely disagree with the remark that has been made. News channels have had a good impact on society in a variety of ways. To begin with, the value of media, which gives information practically instantly, cannot be overstated. This makes us feel like we're part of a little global village. Second, it serves as a link between the government and the general public. Most of us will never meet a prime minister or president in our lifetimes, but anyone who watches the news or reads newspapers on a daily basis is well aware of them. Furthermore, the media is critical in disseminating many cultures and lifestyles throughout the modern globe. The global appeal of Indian culture and heritage is the finest conceivable evidence of the media's huge influence nowadays. Finally, news outlets aid in the delivery of justice to the ordinary man when his rights are violated. Every rose has thorns, and the media is no exception. The paparazzi may intrude on celebrities' privacy. Violence and obscenity are occasionally displayed, and this can have a detrimental impact on us. My counter-argument is that once someone gets famous, their private lives become public, and they have no right to complain about the paparazzi. People may also pick what they want to see, and technology now allows them to block stations they don't want to watch. Finally, I'd like to emphasize that the media has a mostly good impact on our lives. Band 7 IELTS Essay Although there are allegations that the news media deliberately reports on topics and occurrences, it supplies individuals with most of the information they require in a timely manner only selecting those events that interest the audience. People from all walks of life, according to anecdotal evidence, have the practice of gathering information from the news media on a daily basis, including print, broadcast, and Internet-based media. People can use their knowledge to make better decisions. The Free Trade Agreement between the Chinese government and its equivalent in New Zealand, for example, may provide various prospects for both nations. Failure to recognize and capitalize on opportunities, whether in New Zealand or China, is a recipe for disaster. China would incur a significant loss if it failed to recognize and capitalize on this approaching transformation. Meanwhile, it must be acknowledged that the news media may save lives and decrease deaths on occasion. There is a great deal of ambiguity about the environment, and individuals are vulnerable to the effects of accidents, crimes, and natural disasters. Concerned audiences receive direct knowledge from the news media, allowing them to take immediate action. When required, the authorities can proclaim a state of emergency, organize evacuations, and provide help to those in need. All of these activities rely on the news media to spread the word. The news media, despite their important and continuous contributions to society, may be detrimental at times. The news media has a habit of exaggerating the scale of an actual threat for example, the threat of a terrorist attack in order to attract the attention of the targeted audiences and achieve high ratings. It has the effect of generating panic among the general public. Meanwhile, the news media tends to focus on topics or events that have nothing to do with people's daily lives, such as the rare multiple car accident, a celebrity affair, and so on. It diverts attention away from issues that are far more important, such as poverty and environmental issues, to mention a few. Band IELTS Essay True, the popularity of news media has had a huge impact on our lives. However, I disagree with the notion that news media development is a bad thing. To begin with, modern media outlets have made significant contributions to information dissemination. The Arab Spring, for example, was made possible and continues to be made possible by the Internet. It's likely that if these photos hadn't been made available to a worldwide audience, the entire incident would have claimed many more lives than it did. As this example demonstrates, contemporary news media enables the human family to keep an eye on one another and give assistance when necessary. Furthermore, news media outlets throughout the world have improved simplicity and accountability, which has aided in the fight against corruption. Take, for example, the fatal high-speed train disaster in China. Despite its best efforts to bury the carriages as fast as possible, the Chinese government was obliged to concede that major corruption issues had dogged the project from the start. The positive conversations initiated by the media's coverage of this tragic occurrence will hopefully continue to inspire Chinese government honesty. For reasons like these, the news media should be seen as a beneficial force in the world. Finally, it appears to me that the news media is a beneficial phenomenon, and it is hoped that the free press will continue to expand with the aid of technology and contemporary instruments. Check- IELTS Writing Samples Some people think that Politicians have the Greatest Influence on the World IELTS Writing Task 2 Many Countries Invest money to Prepare Competitors to Join Top Competitions IELTS Writing Task 2 It is a Natural Process for Animal Species to become Extinct IELTS Writing Task 2 The Government Should Give Money To Homeless People IELTS Writing Task 2 Technology Is Responsible For Unemployment IELTS Writing Task 2 Increased Use of Computers And Smartphones Affect’s People’s Writing Skills IELTS Writing Task 2 In Some Countries Children Take Up Paid Jobs During The Summer Vacation IELTS Writing Task 2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Communication IELTS Writing Task 2 It is Better to Educate Boys and Girls in Separate Schools IELTS Writing Task 2 Capital Punishment Prevents People from Committing Gruesome Crimes IELTS Writing Task 2 People should lift their heads from their computer and phone screens and start living life IELTS Writing Task 2 Nowadays Many People Complain That They Have Difficulty Getting Enough Sleep IELTS Writing Task 2 Some People Think Young People Are Not Suitable For Important Positions In The Government IELTS Writing Task 2 Governments Should Not Spend Money On International Aids IELTS Writing Task 2 People Should Follow The Customs And Traditions IELTS Writing Task 2 Universities Should Accept Equal Numbers of Male and Female Students in Every Subject IELTS Writing Task 2 Leaders and Directors in an Organisation are Often Older People IELTS Writing Task 2 International Sporting Events Can Contribute To World Peace IELTS Writing Task 2 In spite of the Advances Made in Agriculture Many People Around the World still go Hungry IELTS Writing Task 2 Many Governments Think that Economic Progress is Their Most Important Goal IELTS Writing Task 2
Lab2.1.6 Write a program that uses a while loop statement to perform the following task: You are going to write a guessing game program. The program will ask the user to guess a number between 1 and 10. The input will be compared to the secret
In this section we’ve gathered the most common questions for task 2 in IELTS Writing. You can improve your writing skills by answering these questions. They are often used by IELTS, though sometimes with a little variation. So the key points in your practice are Remember the ideal answer structure; Overcome your writing weaknesses such as grammar mistakes; Remember some key ideas and vocabulary for each topic, so you don’t get confused on the exam. Questions are divided by themes. Task 2 questions by theme Art 3 questions Education 8 questions Environment 10 questions Friends and family 7 questions Government and society 7 questions Health 6 questions Jobs and Employment 7 questions Relationships 5 questions Science and technology 5 questions Sport 4 questions Travel and tourism 5 questions TV, music and media 6 questions
Theanswer is generally the name of your town or your address. Open questions elicit longer answers. They usually begin with what, why, how. An open question asks the respondent for his or her knowledge, opinion or feelings. "Tell me" and "describe" can also be used in the same way as open questions.
For the IELTS examination, you are given 2 hours and 45 mins to complete all the sections. Reading, writing and listening skills are given together irrespective of paper-based or computer-based examination. You need to learn smart techniques to speed up your work while giving the IELTS examination. Smart techniques also help you in increasing your greater accuracy. So when you are starting with the preparation make sure that you note down the techniques to be used and use them in your practice session. For the writing section, the candidate is given 60 minutes in which the candidate has to complete 2 tasks. Each task requires description, argument, opinion, report or discussion text. There are techniques that are helpful for a candidate to complete the section in the stipulated time. For the writing section, the academic module is different from the general training module Details about Task 1 and Task 2 for Academic Training Candidates who are planning to pursue their education from abroad will need to give the IELTS academic training exam. Where in task 1 they are presented with a chart, diagram, graphs, or table, and they are asked to describe them, summarise or even explain the information given. For task 2- you will have to write an essay, depicting your point of view for the topic given to you in writing task 2. Responses to both of the tasks given should be informal style, and the candidate has to keep in mind the requirement of the writing section. Also Read- IELTS Essay Topics with Answers Simplifying Writing Task 2 for 2021 Exam Details about Task 1 and Task 2 for General Training A candidate who is planning to move abroad due to some other reason than education, he/ she has to apply for the IELTS general training exam which is quite different from academic training. For the writing section in general training, task 1 asks the candidate to write the answer about the situation being provided to them in the question paper. Like writing a letter to request information. Task 2 for the writing section of general training is the same as the general training, that is the question asks you to describe your opinion of the topic given. The sample question with the answer is given below for this. IELTS Writing Task 2 Topics with Answers Here you will see how you should give the answer to the question asked in IELTS writing task 2 samples as well as the main exams. Sample One “ Many people think that to become a successful specialist it’s better to choose a career early in life and never change it later.” To what extent do you agree with this view? Support your opinion with relevant examples. Throughout our career journey, we are given so much advice from many different people. Advice that they provide us on the basis of their experience and what they have learnt till now. But it is true that whatever you learn with your own experience is the gem of your life. Whether you learn from others’ mistakes and achievements or you don’t learn, learning from your own experience is a must. Will you believe that we spent 90,000 hours at our job in our whole lifetime, and are you ready to spend 90,000 hours of yours only on one decision that you made early in your life? I guess not. This is especially not how millennials work. People need to explore what they love and what they are interested in. It is said that the work done out of passion is the best job carried out. And not everyone is lucky to find their passion early in their life, people take time and people learn this from experience. So, I don’t think that people should stick with only one choice that they decided in their earlier career. People should take every opportunity that comes their way and then they should learn from it, every opportunity teaches us one or the other thing so don’t be narrow-minded but instead be open-minded and accept opportunities with full enthusiasm. This is how you get to know your interest, your passion and what you love to do. Also Read- 5 Previous IELTS Writing Task 2 Exam Questions and Answers To Target Band 9 Sample Two “Some people say that all popular TV entertainment programmes should aim to educate viewers about important social issues.” To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? This is a question that came in the January 2020 questions paper. But you can prepare for IELTS writing task 2 topics 2021 with answers from this section. TV is one of the powerful sources of including everyone irrespective of their gender and age. TV is one such invention that has brought colours to the life of people and it has made it possible to sit back on our couch with a cup of coffee and have all the news about every corner of the world. In such a scenario where TV has the most influencing power, I think that along with an emphasis on Entertainment through TV shows, social issues should also be given equal importance, so that people become aware of them. Not only to spread awareness but to let people think about the solution to the problem prevalent in society. There are many issues around us that we don’t know about, So TV is one such source, through which laymen can understand the importance of social issues. And social issues should be in the form of ads but in the form of shows that are without any manipulation. Even in the era of the internet where you get everything in just one click, TV is still prevalent and it is still the source for millions of people. So to make the most out of this opportunity, it should be used for social good. IELTS Writing Task 2 Tips Tip 1 Read the question and make sure you know what the examiner is looking for. Check to see if you understand what the question is. Going off on a tangent and failing to answer the question is one of the biggest blunders you can make. IELTS questions are quite particular in their wording and need a specific response. It is time well spent to read the question and comprehend the requirements. It’s the only way to be sure you’ve answered the question correctly. Tip 2 Consider what you’ll write for the second task. Don’t just respond with a pre-written essay that may or may not answer the question. You must read the question attentively and consider how you will respond utilising your language abilities, experience, and knowledge. Of course, the paper you previously wrote may provide you with some insights, language, and even ideas, but be sure that everything you utilise is directly applicable to the test topic. It’s just as vital to think about what portions of prior essays you should include in your answer as it is to determine what sections you should leave out. Tip 3 In the writing process, the beginning is crucial. It sets the tone and offers the assessor the first impression of your talents and abilities, so if you make a mistake with your introduction, you can be off to a bad start. The opening should establish a connection between your response and the query. As a result, you should compose the beginning with the question at hand as well as the body of the essay in mind. Tip 4 When it comes to the main part of the essay, you must make sure that the response you provide is not only clear and correct but also cohesive and well-structured. Divide your work into paragraphs that each clarify a single concept. Make sure you clarify how your thoughts connect to the question. Tip 5 Finish your essay with a summary that brings everything together. You should go through your essay to ensure that it is full and coherent before writing your conclusion. Your conclusion should wrap up and conclude your essay. It should demonstrate the relationship between the introduction and the question by summarising the important topics in the body. In as few words as feasible, an excellent conclusion summarises the topics of the essay. Conclusion To get a better understanding of the structure of the IELTS exams, you can always go through the previous years sample question paper as well as the previous year question paper, so that you understand what type of questions can be asked to you in the IELTS exam. Hopefully, this article will be helpful enough for you to understand how to answer for the IELTS writing task 2 topics 2021 exam. You can start your practice session in the writing section with the provided answer to two of the sample questions. Task 1 and task 2 for academic and general training IELTS exam is also described in this article which gives you complete knowledge of the writing section. To take your preparation a level higher, check out IELTS Ninja. Also Read IELTS Writing Task 2 Topics 2021 with Answers Common Topics for Your IELTS Preparation
So clearly, comprehension questions are a normal part of discourse. The difference is that, in normal conversation, it is the listener who decides to ask the speaker for clarification when he fails to follow what the other is saying. In the EFL class it is an external authority (course book/teacher) that initiates the comprehension checking.
When helping students prepare for the IELTS test, one of the biggest fears is how to do well in IELTS Writing Task 2. IELTS Writing Task 2 is the second part of the writing test, where you are presented with a point of view, argument or problem and asked to write an essay in response. Your essay should be in a formal style, at least 250 words in length and you should aim to complete it in under 40 minutes. IELTS Writing Task 2 Everything You Need to KnowIn this video, I’ll outline exactly what you must do to create an IELTS Writing Task 2 essay that could score a Band 7, 8 or doesn’t matter if you’re new to IELTS or if you’ve failed the exam before – I’ve broken everything down into a simple 3-step process that anyone can use to improve their scores! Watch the video above to find out what they Steps to a Band 7 in IELTS Writing Task 21. Understand the must understand the question before you attempt to answer it. This way, you’ll know exactly what the examiner is looking for. One of the biggest mistakes students make is not answering the question fully, which stops them from getting a score higher than a Band analyse the question, you must first identify the question type, then identify the keywords in the question and finally identify the instructions words. This will help you understand exactly what the examiner wants you to do with the Plan your students who get the highest marks in Writing Task 2 always plan their answers for up to 10 minutes. Planning helps you organise your ideas and structure your essay before you write it, saving you time and helping you produce a clear and coherent Write an introduction should answer the question directly. This tells the examiner that you know what you are doing straight away and helps you write your main body Write the main body is where you give the examiner more detail. You do this by stating your main points and supporting these with explanations and relevant Write a your conclusion, you should provide a summary of what you already said in the rest of your Ways to Improve your Score in IELTS Writing Task 2Many people know they need to improve their writing skills but don’t know how to do it. Here are 4 ways you can boost your score in Writing Task 2 1. Understand the exam. You must first understand what IELTS Writing Task 2 is, what you are expected to do and how to give the examiners what they want. This is the first stage and one that is often are many online resources, often with conflicting and poor-quality information, so finding a reliable source of information is Identify your weak your car breaks down, you would try and identify which part caused the problem. If you get sick, your doctor will run tests to determine the exact cause of your Writing Task 2 is the same. We must first identify WHY you are not getting the score you need before we can help you be very careful! You wouldn’t ask the average man on the street for medical advice, so make sure you find someone who knows what they are doing and has the expertise to help you with Fix the that we know what the problems are, we must fix your grammar needs work, fix those issues. If your vocabulary is lacking, work on fixing this as a good doctor can help you fix a medical problem, a good IELTS teacher can help you fix your specific Practice and get alone will not help you. It is an essential part of your preparation, but you must also get feedback on your work if you are really going to wouldn’t try to teach yourself how to drive without an instructor, would you?Find someone who will give you accurate and helpful feedback on your work. Otherwise, you will not be able to move to the last that you have understood what you need to do, identified the exact areas you need to work on, improved those areas, and received feedback on your work, you are now ready to get the IELTS Writing Task 2 score you Task 2 Structures I want to warn you about structures because they are not a magic wand that will help you automatically get a higher score. They WILL help you, but please realise that they are just a small part of your overall structures provide a sentence-by-sentence template for all the main Task 2 question types, making your job much easier on exam 2 Essay StructuresEssential Writing Task 2 Skills No matter how good your English is, you must still learn IELTS writing skills before taking the Writing Task 2 test. These helpful guides will take you through each of these skills step-by-stepHow to Plan an EssayMaking a good plan actually saves you time when you write your essay. This guide will show you how to plan and write a clear essay every to Think of Relevant IdeasThis guide provides 5 different methods to help you quickly think of relevant ideas that are directly linked to the to Write a Complex SentenceComplex sentences help you boost your score for grammar. They are actually very simple to write and are not complex at to ParaphraseParaphrasing is one of the essential IELTS skills for all parts of the IELTS test. You should paraphrase the question in the very first sentence of your essay to help boost your vocabulary score in Writing Task to Write a Supporting ParagraphSupporting paragraphs are the main body paragraphs and are the meat in the sandwich. This is where you provide the detail the examiner is looking for in the form of explanations and to Write a Thesis StatementA thesis statement tells the examiner your opinion. Many IELTS Writing Task 2 questions specifically ask for your opinion, and if you don’t write it clearly, you have not answered the question properly. This article shows you how, where and when to give your many words should I write? Around 250 words? Exactly 250 words or over 250 words? How many words over? How do I know how many words I have? Will I lose marks if I write too many words? This article answers all those to Understand and Analyse Any QuestionA critical part of answering any question. This article shows you how to break down any Task 2 question and identify the keywords, micro-keywords and instruction words to help you answer the question to Write a Great IntroductionThe introduction is the first thing the examiner reads; therefore, we must give them a good first impression. I share a very specific sentence-by-sentence structure in this article to help you write introductions quickly and 2 Marking Criteria Do you know how Task 2 is marked? What is the difference between a Band 5 and a Band 8 answer? This article breaks down the marking criteria and explains it in simple language so you can give the IELTS examiners exactly what they to Write a ConclusionA good conclusion should be a summary of your main points. The conclusion is the last thing the examiner reads, and if you can write a good one, you will leave them with a very good ExamplesEach of your supporting paragraphs should have a specific example that supports and illustrates your main point. This is an essential skill to learn if you want to get one of the higher band Devices Cohesive devices sometimes called linking words are one of the most misunderstood and misused elements of writing. Therefore, you must learn how to use them and when to use Danger of Synonyms While synonyms are very important, they can also really reduce your mark if used and EditingThis article will show you how to make your writing as clear and as easy to read as possible. It will also advise you on whether to use a pen or Writing Task 2 8 Steps to SuccessRead this blog now to access our 61-page Task 2 Writing TipsI have compiled these tips after years of teaching IELTS, and all of them have been approved by IELTS and CohesionThis is a video lesson that shows you in practical terms how to improve your coherence and cohesion Task 2 Common Topics Knowing the common topics can help you prepare for the test more efficiently. Here are the 10 most common topics over the last few years. Studying hard is great, but don’t forget to study article below will show you the top 10 most common IELTS Common Task 2 Topics Full IELTS Writing Task 2 Practice Lessons Here are some lessons that I have used when teaching students about IELTS Writing Task 2. I have changed them so that you can easily learn from home. They are very long but contain all the necessary information combined with the skills or Disagree Opinion LessonIn this lesson, we look at how to tackle an agree or disagree’ question. Many people worry about whether to take one side of the other or discuss both sides. Additionally, people also worry about how to deal with To what extent’ question types. We allay all of these fears in this Essay LessonDiscuss both views’ questions often confuse people because you are asked to do many things in one essay. As such, it is very important to remember that the question asks you to discuss BOTH views AND give YOUR and Solution Essay LessonThese questions are much easier than you think. You probably discuss problems and solutions in your day-to-day life all the time. Keep it and Disadvantages Lesson There are a couple of different types of advantages and disadvantages questions. This lesson will show you how to answer Task 2 Exercise with VideoWriting is a skill, and just like any other skill, it is important to practice to Band to 8 Demo LessonThis is my most comprehensive free lesson on IELTS Writing Task 2. We show you how we took one VIP student from Band to an amazing AnswersYou must have some good examples to compare your writing and see if you are on the right track. Click the link below for lots of sample answers and over 100 2 Sample Answers Agree or Disagree Sample EssaysTask 2 Band 9 Sample EssayLatest Real Task 2 Questions Official Sample Test QuestionsCambridge Sample QuestionsFree Practice Test How To Use Task 2 Samples Recent Confusing QuestionsIELTS Writing Practice GuideIELTS Writing Task 2 Essential InformationYou must write an essay in response to a must write 250 words or 2 is worth 2/3 of your total mark on the Writing should spend around 40 minutes on this part of the Training and Academic are essentially the same for Task 2. However, they are different for Task are certain types of questions that you will be asked, for example, opinion, discussion etc. See below for more detail on will be assessed in four areasTask Achievement 25%Coherence and Cohesion 25%Lexical Resource 25%Grammatical Range and Accuracy 25%Grammar and Vocabulary Grammar is one of the four things you will be marked on in the Writing Task 2 test. Finding out what your common grammar mistakes are and then fixing them is a very powerful way to boost your score in this area. Here are some common grammar mistakes I have found after making hundreds of 10 Grammar MistakesFor most IELTS students, the problem is not grammar in general. In fact, it is usually just 1-2 problem areas. Therefore, when you fix these main weaknesses, you’ll be able to improve your grammar and your writing score Personal Pronouns Hint- They aren’t as big of a deal as you the interactive tool below for the answers to the most commonly asked questions we receive about IELTS Writing Task 2 IELTS Writing Task 2 FAQsHow can I improve my writing?You will find all the resources you need on our Writing Task 2 page. Click the link belowWriting Task 2We also have two Task 2 courses for those that need to improve their Task 2 skills and strategy. They are both based online and completely free of charge. Learn more about them belowTask 2 5 Day ChallengeTask 2 Essay BuilderIf you need serious help or personalised feedback, you should check out our VIP Course. There is a waiting list, but you can add your name hereIELTS VIPHow can I get a Band 7, 8 or 9?The answer to this question is different for every individual IELTS student, as it depends on a number of factors, including your work ethic, English skills and exam strategy. You'll find a guide to answering this question in this articleIf you need serious help with improving your IELTS scores, you should check out our online writing course. There is a waiting list, but you can add your name by clicking the link belowIELTS VIPCan you correct my writing?Sure!Please click the link below and it will give you all the information you need about our writing correction serviceWriting Correction ServiceDo you have any sample answers?Will using 'high level' or 'academic' words help me improve my score?Can I use idioms?No, you should not write idioms for Task I use personal pronouns?You should avoid using personal pronouns, but it is fine to use them when giving your personal you write a conclusion for Task 2?How many paragraphs should I write?Most IELTS task 2 essays follow the same basic four paragraph structureIntroductionSupporting Paragraph 1Supporting Paragraph 2ConclusionHowever, you can find more comprehensive help with structuring your Task 2 essays here5 Day ChallengeDo I need to plan my essay?I would highly recommend planning your essay. A good plan acts like a map that guides you through the essay, ensuring that you give the examiner exactly what they need to award you the score you need. You can find help with planning your essays here How to Plan an IELTS EssayHow many words should I write?You must write at least 250 words in Writing Task would suggest that you aim to write around 270-280 words in total. Aiming for 20-30 words more than the required amount makes you more likely to reach the word limit without setting an unrealistic I lose marks if I don't write enough words?Yes, if you don't write the required number of words, you will lose marks in 'Task Achievement' for not answering the question fully. Read more I use contractions?No, should not use contractions when you are writing an academic essay.
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Inthis video, Jay from E2Language shares the most important tips there are for a high score in IELTS Writing Task 2. You'll be surprised at how some pretty
The IELTS English language test is highly recommended. It is recognized by the world’s most prestigious countries and universities as proof of a candidate’s English language ability. This test is not simple to pass. The only thing that will help you pass this test is good knowledge together with detailed instructions and practice. However, this article will be extremely beneficial to students who are studying for the IELTS exam. Check out the recent IELTS exam writing task questions from June to September. Recent IELTS Exam Writing Task Section June to September We’ve included the most frequently asked questions about IELTS Writing Task 2 in one area. Answering these questions will help you improve your writing abilities. IELTS frequently use them, but with slight variations. As a result, the following are the most important aspects of your practice Keep in mind the best answer structure Reduce your writing flaws such as grammatical errors; Don’t get lost on the test, remember some essential ideas and words for each topic. IELTS Writing Task 2 Topics June to September Art IELTS Writing Task 2 1. Art has long been regarded as an integral element of all civilizations across the world. People’s attitudes have shifted in recent years, and we now place a higher emphasis on science, technology, and trade than on the arts. What do you believe the causes are? What can be done to bring art to the public’s attention? 2. Government spending on the arts, music, and theatre is a waste of time and money. Alternatively, governments should put these revenues into public services. What percentage of the time do you agree with this statement? 3. Studying art in school enhances kids’ performance in other courses since multi-skilled students find it simpler to learn new things when they study art. As a result, art should be required in classrooms. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Also Read IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample Answer for Band 9 Learn How to Write Task 2 Answers Environment IELTS Writing Task 2 1. Climate change is a major environmental issue that has worsened in recent decades. Some argue that humanity should stop using fossil fuels and instead rely on renewable energy sources like wind and solar energy. Others argue that oil, gas, and coal are necessary for many sectors and that failing to use them will result in economic collapse. What are your thoughts on the matter? Use relevant examples to back up your point of view. 2. Human impact on the global ecosystem has resulted in species extinction and biodiversity loss. What are the main causes of the loss of habitat? What solutions do you have to offer? 3. The world’s population is rapidly approaching unsustainable levels, and people are running out of water, food, and fuel. What are the potential implications of overpopulation? What actions, in your opinion, can be implemented to combat overpopulation? Friends and Family IELTS Writing Task 2 1. Families are no longer as tight as they once were. What do you believe the causes are? Is there anything that can be done to bring families closer together? 2. The government should provide financial assistance to parents of young kids so that one of them may stay at home and care for their children. What do you believe the benefits and drawbacks of this policy are? Justify your response with specific instances from your own experience or knowledge. 3. Having a nice family is more essential than having friends. In the lack of friendship, the family may always make up for it. To what degree do you agree or disagree with this statement? Government and Society IELTS Writing Task 2 1. The government should prohibit smoking in all public areas, despite the fact that this would limit the liberties of others. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Provide justifications for your response. 2. Some individuals believe that persons who commit violent crimes should be put to death. Others argue that the capital penalty is unacceptably harsh in today’s world. Give your view on the benefits and drawbacks of the death penalty. 3. Car accidents are one of the major causes of mortality among teenagers. To prevent similar accidents, the government should make it illegal for individuals under the age of 24 to ride motorbikes. To what degree do you agree or disagree with this statement? Also Read IELTS Writing Task 2 Education Topics With Answers Quick Questions to Help You Learn Something New Health IELTS Writing Task 2 1. People have to work when they are sick for a variety of reasons, including high job demands, stress, and a feeling of commitment. They do essential jobs in this manner, but they risk infecting others or developing significant health issues themselves. Should individuals go to work if they are unwell, in your perception? Use relevant examples from your expertise or experience to back up your point of view. 2. Today more people are overweight than ever before. What is your opinion are the primary causes of this? What measures can be taken to overcome this epidemic? 3. Some people claim that the government should provide free health care. Others think that the government will not provide the most innovative methods of treatment and it’s better to invest those funds in education and culture. What is your opinion? Jobs and Employment IELTS Writing Task 2 1. Some argue that teens should work part-time to supplement their income. They will acquire basic job skills and become more organized in this manner. Others say that teens should not labour at the expense of their sleep and after-school activities. Discuss both points of view and provide your viewpoint. 2. Many people believe that choosing a job early in life and never changing it is the best way to become a successful expert. How much do you agree with this viewpoint? Give instances to back up your point of view. 3. Unemployment is one of the most serious issues confronting modern civilization. What do you believe the primary reasons for unemployment are? What solutions do you have to offer? Science and Technology IELTS Writing Task 2 1. Because technology plays such a large role in our everyday life, many individuals have become reliant on it. Do you think there are more benefits to living in the digital era than drawbacks? Give your perspective on the good and bad effects of technology on our life. 2. It is frequently asserted that electronic gadgets would soon supplant printed literature. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? 3. The Internet is now accessible to a growing number of individuals. However, frequent access to any knowledge deteriorates people’s memory and critical thinking abilities. To what degree do you agree or disagree with this statement? Travel and Tourism IELTS Writing Task 2 1. Tourism is a major source of revenue in many parts of the world. Unfortunately, if tourism is not well handled, it may become a source of difficulties. Describe the benefits and drawbacks of tourism in today’s world. Do you believe that the advantages of tourism outweigh the disadvantages? 2. Travelling in a group with a tour guide is the greatest way to travel. How much do you agree or disagree with this assertion? 3. Some argue that when immigrants go to a new nation, they should assimilate the local culture. Others, on the other hand, believe they can create a minority community alternatively. Discuss both points of view and provide your viewpoint. TV, Music, and Media IELTS Writing Task 2 1. Some individuals feel that violence seen on television and in video games is harmful to society. Others argue that they have no discernible impact on people’s behaviour. What are your thoughts on the matter? 2. There is a vast variety of television programmes available nowadays. However, rather than viewing instructional programmes, news, or documentaries, an increasing number of individuals choose to watch television series, soap operas, or serials. This has a detrimental impact on knowledge acquisition abilities. What are the root causes of this inclination? How can educational television shows become more popular? 3. Music is extremely important in our society. How much has music affected our current thinking? What, in your opinion, is music’s most important function in today’s world? Also Read 10 Most Common IELTS Writing Task 2 Topics How do You Plan a Task 2 Essay? IELTS Writing Task 2 Solution Steps IELTS Writing Task 2 Solution Step 1 Answer the question as it has been posted to you. Don’t write an essay on a topic that you’ve already thought about. Make certain that your examples and ideas are applicable. If you generalize too much and aren’t detailed enough, it will impact how the examiner perceives your thoughts. IELTS Writing Task 2 Solution Step 2 Thoroughly read the question and determine how many sections it has. To get a band 6 or above, you must answer all sections of the question. IELTS Writing Task 2 Solution Step 3 Ideas must be clearly articulated and arranged, beginning with an introduction and ending with a conclusion. If you’re requested to provide both points of view as well as your viewpoint, start with your opinion and then carry on to the other points of view. After that, you may return to your own point of view and finish the essay. This is a logical order in which to communicate these concepts. IELTS Writing Task 2 Solution Step 4 Use paragraphs to divide your article into manageable sections. Make sure each paragraph has a clear and well-developed topic that is at least two sentences long. IELTS Writing Task 2 Solution Step 5 You’ll notice that a band 8 writer employs rare lexical elements deftly in the band descriptions. We utilize both common and unusual words when learning a language. Parts of speech we use every day to speak to personal experience and daily routines are known as common terminology. When we address specialized issues or utilize idiomatic language, we use uncommon words phrasal verbs. IELTS Writing Task 2 Solution Step 6 Throughout your writing, avoid using any memorized terminology, phrases, or instances. Examiners can easily detect these, and they don’t exhibit your ability to write smoothly. IELTS Writing Task 2 Solution Step 7 At band 8, you should be able to correctly convey your ideas and opinions using a variety of formats. Demonstrate to the examiner that you can utilize a variety of structures and that your statements are free of errors. Conclusion The writing task of the IELTS exam is divided into two sections, with task 2 accounting for 66 percent of your total score. As a result, you should set aside 40 minutes to write it. It must be at least 250 words long, so don’t waste time and concentrate on the work at hand. You can prepare yourself to write an essay on a variety of themes by practising with the writing task 2 topics given in the article above. You can find solutions to writing topics in the blog section of IELTS Ninja. Go check it out now! Also Read Top Idioms & Phrase for IELTS Speaking Tips and Tricks to Learn idioms Fast
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DoNOT worry about different question 'types' in IELTS Task 2. Examiners do NOT assess your writing based on whether it is the right 'type'. ALL IELTS Task 2 questions want you to do answer the question directly, sufficiently and appropriately. Some questions are specific e.g. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Nor did leaking the Pentagon Papers, by itself, do anything to shorten the war, which was his intention, Ellsberg admits. What did happen is that Nixon erupted in outrage over the leak and created the “Plumbers” unit to discredit Ellsberg. The Plumbers’ first break-in was to the office of Ellsberg’s psychiatrist, but that led later to the Watergate burglary, Nixon’s resignation and the dismissal of all charges against Ellsberg on grounds of “improper government conduct.” Thus, indirectly, Watergate may well have prevented further escalation and shortened the war because it “undermined Nixon’s authority,” as Nixon’s secretary of state, Henry Kissinger, wrote in the first volume of his memoirs, White House Years. Congress cut off aid to South Vietnam in 1975, and the war ended in April of that year with total victory by North Vietnam. So Ellsberg has some parting advice to future whistleblowers “Don’t do it under any delusion that you’ll have a high chance of ending up like Daniel Ellsberg.” This is especially true, he says, now the government is zealously prosecuting under the Espionage Act, which was first used in Ellsberg’s case. Barack Obama later deployed it eight times, more than any other president, despite pledging to run “the most transparent administration in history.” Even if they escape prosecution, whistleblowers in high places face long odds against success in changing government policy — and yet at the same time Ellsberg says they are more necessary than ever. “I would caution people against thinking that any revelation by itself, no matter how spectacular — how amazing, how shocking, and extraordinary it is — would necessarily evoke a reaction, from the media or Congress, or that people will react to it,” Ellsberg tells me. “But it can work. My case shows that probably more than any other case.” Ellsberg, snowy-haired but energetic despite the cancer — renowned for his eloquence, he still speaks in perfect paragraphs — was calm, even jovial, during what his son, Robert Ellsberg, said would be his last interview. Based on his experience in the covert world, Ellsberg sees a direct line between the deceptions and lies that led to the Vietnam War — and 58,000 American deaths — and the deceptions and lies that justified the Iraq war. This high-level deceit, Ellsberg says, extends to America’s current drone war policy around the world, in which the government has allegedly covered up the number of civilian deaths it causes. “The need for whistleblowing in my area of so-called national security is that we have a secret foreign policy, which has been very successfully kept secret and essentially mythical,” he says. “I’m saying there’s never been more need for whistleblowers … There’s always been a need for many more than we have. At the same time, it’s become more and more dangerous to be a whistleblower. There’s little doubt about that.” For many whistleblowers and their legal defenders, Ellsberg remains an inspiration, not just because of the Pentagon Papers but for his later actions revealing how nuclear strategy during the Cold War had been secretly based on war plans that would have left hundreds of millions of civilians dead, and how dangerous the nuclear threat remains today. “For me and my generation, Daniel Ellsberg was the defining whistleblower,” says Scott Horton, a prominent human rights attorney who has defended whistleblowers going back to Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov in the 1970s. “The striking thing about him was that his position within the national security establishment was a prominent one. He realized there was something wrong with the whole way the Vietnam War was being justified, that this process was corrupting the way decisions were being made about national security affairs, and the system was so self-sealing that really the only way you could puncture that was presenting the public with the truth.” At the same time, Horton believes that Ellsberg, like other whistleblowers, occasionally sees conspiracy and government perfidy when the evidence is scant. During the course of our hour- and-20-minute interview, Ellsberg contended America still runs a “covert empire” around the world, embodied in the domination of NATO. He believes Washington deliberately provoked Vladimir Putin into invading Ukraine by pushing its seat of power eastward toward Russia’s borders; that the mainstream media is “complicit” in allowing the government to keep secrets it has no right to withhold; and that any notion Americans are ever the “good guys” abroad “has always been false.” “I think very few Americans are aware of what our actual influence in the former colonial world has been, and that is to keep it colonial,” Ellsberg says. “King Charles III [of Britain] is no longer an emperor, as I understand it, but for all practical purposes Joe Biden is … Here’s a point I haven’t made to anyone but would like to in my last days here. Very simply, how many Americans would know any one of the following cases, let alone three or four of them?” Ellsberg then rattles off a series of orchestrated coups, most of them fairly well documented, starting with Iran in 1953, and then in Guatemala, Indonesia, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Brazil and Chile. I respond by saying those were all Cold War policies, if covert ones, and ask him whether he thinks anything has changed since. In announcing the complete withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021, for example — as the Taliban effectively chased American troops out of the country — Biden declared that the United States was “ending an era of major military operations to remake other countries.” Ellsberg doesn’t believe it. “Democrats in this area are as shameless as Republicans,” he says. “Our elections in the realm of foreign policy and defense policy and arms sales, I have come to understand, are essentially between people vying to be manager of the empire.” Even his most fervent admirers say that sometimes Ellsberg, haunted by his experience in the covert world, occasionally goes too far in seeing dark designs in policy. “He’s really serious about conspiracy theories,” Horton says. “I would contrast what he did during the Vietnam era to some of the more recent things where he’s really not on the inside anymore and doesn’t have that access to information.” Christian Appy, a University of Massachusetts historian who is currently working on a book about Ellsberg based largely on his papers, says he doesn’t believe Ellsberg is a conspiracy theorist but adds “I do think he sometimes speculates on things that I myself think are improbable.” Even so, Appy says, Ellsberg is not entirely wrong in asserting that since World War II the has been effectively running an empire. “I think he is more careful than some people. In the last 10 years he has placed more stock on the military-industrial complex underpinnings of power, that they really do have huge influence on sustaining this huge imperial footprint around the world. And after all, we still have 800 military bases on foreign soil, and we conduct exercises in 25 countries.” The current number of bases abroad is closer to 750. Louis Clark, the CEO of the Government Accountability Project, a whistleblower legal advocacy organization inspired by Ellsberg, says his influence has been titanic over the decades. “There’s been a tremendous sort of cultural change from the time he came forward, an acceptance of whistleblowing.” Unfortunately, that in turn has incited use of the Espionage Act against whistleblowers, a 1917 law that was intended for use against spies for foreign governments. “People need to know what they’re getting into, especially with the abuse of the Espionage Act. These people are obviously not spies. There needs to be at a minimum a public interest kind of defense, which you can’t do under the Espionage Act,” says Clark. In the interview, Ellsberg agrees not all leaks are created equal, and that it’s sometimes difficult to tell a real whistleblower from a fantasist, like the mysterious Q of the QAnon conspiracy, or someone who seems mainly interested in self-promotion. He believes Jack Teixeira, the National Guardsman who recently leaked a raft of classified documents by posting them on a gaming site, fits into the latter category. “He’s invented a new form of leaking. It is not easy to understand why he thought he would get away with it,” Ellsberg says. “But there’s a big difference between whistleblowing and just leaking. Leaking is part of the way the system works. It has nothing to do with revealing wrongdoing. It’s much more about how great our weapons system is compared to the other one.” No one ever sets out to become a whistleblower. Most whistleblowers start out as patriots or devoted company people, often passionate ones. And there is a pattern to their behavior Most of them try at first to address wrongdoing within the system; going to the media is a last resort. Ellsberg describes himself as a Harvard-educated Marine who in the beginning completely bought into the Cold War struggle against communism, including the Domino Theory. When he went to work for the Defense Department and Rand Corp., he says, “I very much accepted the idea that we were a force for democracy in the Third World, as in Korea, and the former colonial world, and for self-determination, for sovereignty, for peace. We were the good guys.” Initially, he wanted to divulge the Pentagon Papers to Congress, but few people in Congress seemed interested, he says. Ellsberg only reluctantly agreed to go to the media when he began “hearing from contacts in the Nixon administration that Nixon was planning to escalate the war,” says Robert Ellsberg, who as a 13-year-old helped his father secretly copy the Papers. In a later era, a number of people who turned into whistleblowers were inspired by 9/11 to help their country. Among them Ian Fishback, the dedicated Army captain who revealed that the torture practices at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq were systemic, not isolated incidents, only to suffer criticism, mental illness and die years later in a charity hospital; and Reality Winner, who was sentenced to five years in prison for leaking details of Russian infiltration in the 2016 election. Other whistleblowers who have served time include Chelsea Manning, the former Army soldier who disclosed military and diplomatic documents to Wikileaks, and Daniel Hale, who is currently imprisoned in Illinois after being convicted of giving classified material about drone operations to the media. Edward Snowden, who leaked massive amounts of information about surveillance by the National Security Agency, is in permanent exile in Russia. Whistleblowers often end up bitter and incurably self-righteous. Like Ellsberg and Snowden, they are variously called “hero” or “traitor” for the rest of their lives. Or in the case of Frank Serpico, the famous cop, a “rat.” Not long before Ellsberg exposed the Pentagon Papers, Serpico was testifying to the Knapp Commission in 1970 about endemic graft in the New York City Police Department, which later became the subject of a book and a classic film. Like Ellsberg, Serpico tried for years to register his complaints inside the system — in his case the police department and the city government — before finally going to the New York Times in frustration. To this day, Serpico says, he is viewed as an outcast by the NYPD. “It’s pretty lonely out there,” says Serpico, who is 87 and lives in a wooded tract outside Albany, “It doesn’t end. Dan is the unforgiven and I’m the unforgiven.” Still, in a phone interview in May, Serpico adds “Whatever you do, no matter how small, it makes a difference … And you have to keep struggling. That’s what whistleblowers are doing They’re struggling to keep the system from going under.” Whistleblowers, it must be said, often do seem to be a different breed of human — and more alike than different, no matter what they are exposing. They are motivated by a moral outrage that often leads them to take on an entire system they were once part of and even loved with little hope of changing that system. Nor are they welcomed back into their organizations or industries, much less promoted. Certainly, they get no reward — with the exception of some financial whistleblowers who revealed illegal corporate gains. “It’s not just a question of awarding an act which from almost every point of view, social and personal, is irrational, in the sense that it’s likely to be extremely personally risky and I think there will be no change to that,” Ellsberg says. “You can’t change the fact that when you tell secrets that your boss or your old area of industry is anxious for you to keep, you can’t escape retribution for that. I was very much an outlier on that. You might almost say Frank Serpico is the other absolute end of that. He got shot in the face.” In the last half century, Ellsberg amassed a huge amount of hate mail calling him treasonous, Appy said. As Kerry Howley describes it in Bottoms Up and the Devil Laughs A Journey through the Deep State, her new book about Reality Winner and other whistleblowers, they often just don’t understand why others fail to see the world the way they do, why most people just go along even with what they think is a bad or unjust system. “Most of us are good at not looking,” she writes. “People who feel they must confront the nature of reality, whom we call whistleblowers’ or traitors,’ tend to feel that the rest of us should do the same, which makes those people annoying, because not looking is a skill, and after a while you too might lose the ability not to look.” As a result, whistleblowers often find each other, forming a loose band of exiled brothers and sisters — or, at the very least, a support group. After hearing about Ellsberg’s diagnosis, Serpico and Ellsberg recently spoke on FaceTime and “reminisced about old times,” as Serpico puts it, “what was going on back then and how both our situations were happening pretty much at the same time.” Serpico refuses most requests to have video conversations though he occasionally makes public appearances to support whistleblowing causes, but he says “I couldn’t deny Dan. He wanted to see my face.” And in the end, that is the legacy Ellsberg hopes to impart — the idea that whistleblowers are not alone. They are a team, and they need to become more effective by learning from each other. “Here’s a very good piece of practical advice, which is don’t go through channels. Don’t go to the Whistleblower Protection Act. Don’t go to the inspector general as Tom Drake did, for example. That only serves to identify you as a troublemaker and someone who’s not with the system, somebody who whines about the fact that we’re killing people,” he says. In 2005, Thomas Drake was working as a career intelligence official and employee of the National Security Agency when he grew worried that an NSA program code-named Trailblazer had turned into a boondoggle that cost more than a billion dollars and violated citizens’ privacy rights. Internally, Drake pushed for a more effective alternative program but when he was ignored, first by his superior, then by the NSA and Defense Department inspector generals, and even testified to Congress with no effect, Drake finally leaked to a Baltimore Sun reporter. He became the first official since Ellsberg charged under the Espionage Act and barely managed to avoid prison when he pled guilty to a misdemeanor. But his career was ruined. Ellsberg also believes whistleblowers should try to remain anonymous if they can. “If you possibly can avoid exposing yourself, do that, don’t reveal yourself as I did, although I felt I had to do it and would do it again under other circumstances. Like Snowden and Chelsea Manning, we always felt we didn’t want other people blamed for what we had done. But if you’re not worried about that, the first thing would be to do it as anonymously as possible. In that respect there has been some improvement a cipher system so whistleblowers can speak with the press. “My biggest advice is, don’t do this unless you’re ready to accept the high risk of having your career destroyed and actually going to prison,” Ellsberg says. “Going to prison is a new one, starting under Obama, but it’s there now, very much so. Obviously, that really narrows the number of things worthy of whistleblowing considerably. I wouldn’t do it, for example, just for bribery or cost overruns. That’s not important enough to go to prison.” “But the final thing I would say is there are lots of things having to do with preserving the Constitution, as in Snowden’s case, or shortening a war, or in stopping a massive assassination program, the drone program, as in Daniel Hale’s case, that do make it indeed quite worthwhile to sacrifice yourself in order to save the lives of lot of people,” Ellsberg says. “I would like to encourage people to ask themselves the question Am I willing to sacrifice my career, my life, to save these other lives?’ And most people will say no. That’s humanity. That’s the way it is. But definitely, if they ask that question as I was led to ask myself the question, you can very well look at it that way and you can say yes.” When I asked whether whistleblowing has made government or corporate America any more honest, however, Ellsberg waxes gloomier. “That’s easy to answer No. The short answer is no. The long answer is no. It hasn’t changed the desire to keep secrets. People in all governments in all of history have been willing to take all actions necessary…to keep people from knowing what will lead to their being blamed for a mistake, for a lie, or a crime or for their incompetence. Talking about national security Who exactly has had their career hurt by incompetence? Maybe some Russians have. They have fired some Russians. Walt Rostow [Lyndon Johnson’s hawkish national security advisor] had to go to the University of Texas, instead of back to MIT, for example. So that’s the level of accountability.” Those aren’t very encouraging words, I reply. “Despite all those odds there is a chance and that can make it worthwhile,” Ellsberg says. “When everything is at stake — I’m talking about nuclear war implicitly here but climate is the same. When we’re facing a pretty ultimate catastrophe. When we’re on the edge of blowing up the world over Crimea or Taiwan or Bakhmut. … From the point of view of a civilization and the survival of eight or nine billion people, when everything is at stake, can it be worth even a small chance of having a small effect? And the answer is Of course. Of course, it can be worth that. You can even say it’s obligatory.”
